Which One Stephen King Book Sits at the Top ― 25 Works Scored on Six Yardsticks
KByline: A reader of how novels are built (Form, voice and endings across the shelf / the ranking is disclosed as six numbers)
This piece does not reveal any endings. The reasons for the ranking are given purely in terms of how the books are built. And adaptation is not one of the axes. King's novels have been filmed and televised again and again. But it was the studios, not the man who wrote them, who decided which books got made. That is why the titles offered up as "the essential King" are so often the titles of films. Whether a book was adapted says nothing at all about how that book is written. So the six yardsticks used here are invention in the telling, character voice, the engineering of dread, how it lands, town and community, and the weight of the real, applied to 25 works from Carrie in 1974 to Billy Summers in 2021. The overall No. 1 is Dolores Claiborne — a book with nothing supernatural in it, written as one unbroken first-person narration with no chapter breaks and no blank lines between paragraphs. Switch the yardstick to town and community and It takes the top; switch it to how it lands and 11/22/63 does (try the lenses below). This is not a declaration of a masterpiece; it is an ordering under six disclosed axes.
How This Ranking Is Built (Methodology)
Rather than settle "which King is best" in a single word, the judgement is split into six independent axes and recombined with weights (total = Σ(axis × weight)/100). Adaptation, the reputation of films and series, box office, copies sold, general fame and awards are not among the axes. All of them measure how far a book travelled, which is a different thing from how it was written. That is precisely the argument of this piece. Invention in the telling carries the most weight (19) and the weight of the real comes next (18), because the editorial position here is to read King as a novelist who kept experimenting with form rather than as a technician of fright. The 0–10 scores on each axis are the writer's judgement, not fact, arrived at after confirming publication years, publication formats and the construction of the original editions. Where the numbers come from is in the sources; the limits are disclosed at the end.
Axis
What It Measures
Weight
Invention in the telling
Whether the book did something not done before in form, structure or narration. Experiments in the format of publication count too
19%
Character voice
How speech and interiority are differentiated. Whether you close the book still hearing the person
17%
Engineering of dread
How the pressure that keeps a reader uneasy is built. Whether anything supernatural is involved is not asked
16%
How it lands
Whether the ending is equal to what the book set up. Not what happens, but the shape of the landing
16%
Town and community
Whether a place is written like a character. Whether the community's own reaction is part of the event
14%
Weight of the real
The real trouble the story carries: addiction, violence, poverty, illness, institutions, history
18%
Normalization Rule
Adaptation, the reputation of films and series, box office, copies sold, general fame and awards are excluded from the axes (excluding them is itself the correction for era, so that differences in how far a book travelled are not read back as differences in how it was written). Age alone is not penalised. Invention in the telling, however, is measured by what later work does with it and therefore needs a few years of distance, so books from the 2010s onward have their invention score held down and carry an era-adjusted flag. The four novellas collected in Different Seasons are treated as four separate entries rather than as one book.
Scope / Unit
25 works, from Carrie to Billy Summers: 21 novels and 4 novellas. The unit is the work; one work is one entry. Titles published as Richard Bachman are included. King has written more than sixty novels, so this is an editorial selection and not the complete corpus (disclosed at the end as the largest limit of this piece). Short stories are excluded because the differences in length put them on a different yardstick. Of The Dark Tower only the first volume, its starting point, is scored; the later volumes are not treated here. Rage, published as Bachman, is left out: the author himself asked for it to be taken out of print, and no Japanese edition could be confirmed.
Data Sources
First-edition years, publishers, formats of publication and the construction of the original editions were confirmed against the article on each work. Titles, publishers and translators of the Japanese editions were checked one record at a time against the bibliographic data of National Diet Library Search. Honours awarded to the writer himself were confirmed with the National Endowment for the Arts, the Mystery Writers of America and the author's own site.
Compiled / Subjectivity
Compiled 2026-08-03. Invention and the weight of the real carry more weight because the editorial position is to read King as an experimenter with form. There are no exact ties: 1st (Dolores Claiborne, 8.77) leads 2nd (The Green Mile, 8.63) by 0.14, while 3rd (11/22/63, 8.51) and 4th (It, 8.50) are separated by 0.01.
Switch the scoring lens ― changing the weights moves the ranking (recalculated on the same evidence, same scores)
Overall Ranking
★ First Edition
Findings Against Conventional Wisdom
① The overall No. 1 is Dolores Claiborne (8.77) — a book with nothing supernatural in it. The original has no chapter breaks and no blank lines between paragraphs. The whole text is written as one unbroken first-person narration, a woman talking without stopping at an interrogation. Character voice 10 and the weight of the real 10, the two axes with no lens attached, are the reason it finishes first, and it takes first place under none of the four lenses. It stands there not by standing out but by having no hole.
② The books better known through the screen come out in the middle. Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption is 12th overall. The Shining is 15th. And Apt Pupil, from the same 1982 collection, is 11th, above Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption. This is not a low opinion of those books; it is simply that how far a book travelled is not what is being measured here. It was the studios, not the man who wrote them, who chose what got filmed.
③ The invention lens is taken by The Green Mile (9.28). It was published one slim volume a month between 28 March and 29 August 1996, six in all. A part already out cannot be revised, and where to cut has to be decided each time. What was invented was not a story but a way of publishing one.
④ The landing lens is taken by 11/22/63 (9.28). The idea dates from 1971, when King began it under the title Split Track and set it aside. Forty years to finish. Under the Dome is the same: begun under that title in 1972, attempted again in 1982 as The Cannibals, unfinished both times, and finally a book in 2009. Going back to an abandoned manuscript decades later is one of the ways this writer works.
⑤ Town and community is the only axis here where a single work holds the top score outright, and that work is It (1st under the lens, 9.28). Yet the same book falls to 20th under the landing lens. Building a town and closing the story you started in it are two different skills — which is the quietest finding here. The widest swing belongs to Misery, which moves between 2nd under the dread lens and 24th under town and community, because one house is all that story needs.
How the Landscape Changes When You Change the Weights (Sub-Views)
Lens
No. 1
Biggest Movers
What It Measures
Balance of all six (default)
Dolores Claiborne 8.77
Leads The Green Mile (2nd, 8.63) by 0.14 / 11/22/63 (3rd, 8.51) and It (4th, 8.50) are 0.01 apart / Pet Sematary (5th, 8.39) follows
How the book is built, on six axes
Invention first
The Green Mile 9.28
The Long Walk (2nd, 9.04) and Dolores Claiborne (3rd, 8.84) follow / The Gunslinger climbs from 23rd to 12th / Pet Sematary drops to 14th
What the form attempted
Dread first
Pet Sematary 9.20
Misery (2nd, 9.12) and The Long Walk (3rd, 9.04) follow / Apt Pupil climbs from 11th to 4th and The Shining from 15th to 5th
How the unease is built
The landing first
11/22/63 9.28
Pet Sematary (2nd, 9.20) and Revival (3rd, 9.12) follow / The Dead Zone climbs from 18th to 9th / It falls to 20th and The Stand to 22nd
Whether the ending is equal to the book
Town and community first
It 9.28
The Body (2nd, 8.68) and 'Salem's Lot (3rd, 8.44) follow / Under the Dome climbs from 20th to 4th / Misery falls to 24th and The Gunslinger to 25th
Whether a place is written like a character
Debate and Limitations
The 0–10 scores on each axis are the writer's judgement, not fact. What could be confirmed runs as far as first-edition years, publishers, formats of publication, the construction of the original editions, the titles and translators of the Japanese editions, and honours awarded to the writer himself. Beyond that, whether the invention works or the landing is equal to the book is an editorial call. The sources list only the references for facts; there is no source for the scores, because none exists.
This is not the complete corpus (the largest limit of this piece): King has written more than sixty novels. The 25 works here were chosen editorially from 1974 to 2021, so as to include each decade, books with and without the supernatural, the Bachman name and the novellas. It is not a survey of everything. The years between 1999 and 2008 are especially thin. It is entirely possible that a book left out belongs near the top.
A structural bias in the axes: because town and community carries 14%, books that stay in one place are pushed down by the design. Misery at 24th and The Gunslinger at 25th under that lens follow from this, not from any weakness in the books. Books that write a whole town are correspondingly favoured. The bias was fixed the moment the axes were chosen, so it is set down here rather than hidden.
On The Dark Tower: only the first volume is treated, and the later ones are not. Its value as the spine running through the whole of King's invented world therefore enters none of the six axes. The Gunslinger finishing 23rd is what you get from looking only at how one novel is built. Score the series as a single entry and the ranking becomes something else entirely.
Novellas and novels share one yardstick here: the four pieces in the 1982 collection Different Seasons are set beside novels as four separate entries. Scoring works of such different lengths on the same axes is a strain on the comparison. They are here anyway because leaving them out would structurally hide part of what King has done.
On endings: no endings are revealed. How it lands is therefore judged at the level of whether the shape of the landing is equal to the scale of the book, not by what actually happens. For a reader who wants individual endings examined, this piece is not enough.
What is left out: Rage, published as Bachman in 1977, is not scored — the author himself asked for it to be taken out of print, and no Japanese edition could be confirmed. Short stories are excluded because the differences in length put them on a different yardstick.
What could not be verified: the reason Pet Sematary sat for four years, and the remarks King is said to have made in later years about Misery and The Tommyknockers, could not be traced to a primary source. Widely quoted wordings exist, but they are not used here and form no part of the grounds for the ranking.
The strongest counter-argument: "King is a writer you read for length. Keeping you in a book for hundreds of pages is the art itself, and docking that under a 16% axis for how it lands is the wrong yardstick." That argument holds. The Stand at 17th overall and It at 20th under the landing lens are exactly what this yardstick produces. The answer offered here is that the yardstick is not fixed to one setting. Switch to town and community and It is first; switch to invention and The Green Mile is. The position taken here is not that one is right, but that which yardstick is in use should be stated.
Carrie (first edition 5 April 1974, Doubleday; King's first commercially published novel, and the construction that sets fragments of reports and articles into the text) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrie_(novel) / Japanese edition: Shinchosha, 1975 (paperback January 1985) — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC&creator=%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0
'Salem's Lot (first edition 17 October 1975, Doubleday; King's second novel) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Salem%27s_Lot / Japanese edition: Shueisha, October 1977 — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E5%91%AA%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8C%E3%81%9F%E7%94%BA
The Shining (first edition 1977, Doubleday; King's third novel and his first hardcover bestseller) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shining_(novel) / Japanese edition: Bungeishunju, November 1986; first Japanese translation from Pacifica, March 1978 — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8B%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0&creator=%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0
The Stand (first edition 1978, Doubleday; about 400 pages — some 150,000 words — cut before publication, with more than 300 pages restored in The Complete and Uncut Edition of 1990, running to 1,152 pages and moving the period of the story from 1980 to 1990) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Stand / Japanese edition: Bungeishunju, November 2000 (paperback 2004, five volumes) — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89
The Dead Zone (first edition 1979, Viking) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dead_Zone_(novel) / Japanese edition: Shinchosha, May 1987 — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?creator=%E5%90%89%E9%87%8E%E7%BE%8E%E6%81%B5%E5%AD%90
The Long Walk (first edition 1979, Signet, as Richard Bachman; the first novel King wrote, begun in 1966–67 while he was a freshman at the University of Maine, as King states in the afterword to the 2010 collection Full Dark, No Stars) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Long_Walk_(novel) / Japanese edition: Fusosha, July 1989, reissued under a changed title in May 2026 — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E6%AD%BB%E3%81%AE%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF
Cujo (first edition 1981, Viking; winner of the August Derleth Award at the British Fantasy Awards in 1982) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cujo / Japanese edition: Shinchosha, September 1983 — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7
The Gunslinger (the first volume of The Dark Tower; originally five stories serialised in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction between October 1978 and November 1981, collected as a limited edition by Donald M. Grant, Publisher, Inc. in 1982, and revised and expanded in 2003) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gunslinger / Japanese editions: Kadokawa Shoten, September 1998; Shinchosha, December 2005; KADOKAWA, January 2017 — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC
Different Seasons (first edition 1982, Viking; the Japanese edition splits the collection into two paperback volumes, the autumn-winter half in March 1987 and the spring-summer half in March 1988, the autumn-winter half appearing first) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Different_Seasons / National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E3%81%AE%E5%9B%9B%E5%AD%A3
The novella Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption (collected in Different Seasons; the Japanese text appears in the spring-summer volume from Shinchosha, March 1988) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Different_Seasons / National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E3%82%B4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A4
The novella Apt Pupil (collected in Different Seasons; the Japanese text appears in the spring-summer volume from Shinchosha, March 1988) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Different_Seasons / National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E3%82%B4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A4
The novella The Body (collected in Different Seasons; the Japanese text appears in the autumn-winter volume from Shinchosha, March 1987) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Different_Seasons / National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E3%81%AE%E5%9B%9B%E5%AD%A3
The novella The Breathing Method (collected in Different Seasons; the Japanese text appears in the autumn-winter volume from Shinchosha, March 1987) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Different_Seasons / National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E3%81%AE%E5%9B%9B%E5%AD%A3
Pet Sematary (the first draft completed in May 1979 and the book published on 14 November 1983 by Doubleday) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet_Sematary / Japanese edition: Bungeishunju, September 1989 — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E3%83%9A%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC
Christine (first edition 1983, Viking; built in three parts, first person to third person and back to first) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_(novel) / Japanese edition: Shinchosha, December 1987 — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3
It (first edition 1986, Viking; the structure alternating between 1958 and 1985) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It_(novel) / Japanese edition: Bungeishunju, November 1991 (paperback December 1994) — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?any=IT+%E5%B0%8F%E5%B0%BE%E8%8A%99%E4%BD%90
Misery (first edition 1987, Viking; the construction that sets an invented novel into the text) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misery_(novel) / Japanese edition: Bungeishunju, March 1990 — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B6%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC&creator=%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0
The Tommyknockers (first edition 1987, Putnam) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tommyknockers / Japanese edition: Bungeishunju, August 1993 (paperback May 1997) — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E3%83%88%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8E%E3%83%83%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA
The Dark Half (first edition 1989, Viking; said to have been written in response to the exposure of the Richard Bachman name) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dark_Half / Japanese edition: Bungeishunju, September 1992 (paperback October 1995) — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95
Dolores Claiborne (first edition November 1992, Viking; the original has no chapters, no blank lines between paragraphs and no section breaks, the whole text running as a single first-person narration in dialect) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolores_Claiborne / Japanese edition: Bungeishunju, September 1995 (paperback December 1998) — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3
The Green Mile (1996, Signet; published as six monthly instalments — The Two Dead Girls on 28 March, The Mouse on the Mile on 25 April, Coffey's Hands on 30 May, The Bad Death of Eduard Delacroix on 27 June, Night Journey on 25 July and Coffey on the Mile on 29 August — with the single-volume edition following on 5 May 1997; winner of the Bram Stoker Award for Best Novel for 1996) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Mile_(novel) / Japanese edition: Shinchosha, 1997, six volumes — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB
Bag of Bones (first edition 22 September 1998, Scribner; winner of the Bram Stoker Award, the British Fantasy Award and the Locus Award in the novel categories in 1999) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bag_of_Bones / Japanese edition: Shinchosha, July 2000 (paperback September 2003) — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E9%AA%A8%E3%81%AE%E8%A2%8B
Under the Dome (first edition 2009, Scribner; begun under the same title in 1972 and abandoned, attempted again in 1982 under the title The Cannibals and left unfinished) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under_the_Dome_(novel) / Japanese edition: Bungeishunju, April 2011 (paperback 2013) — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0
11/22/63 (first edition 8 November 2011, Scribner; the idea dating from 1971, begun under the title Split Track and set aside; winner of the Los Angeles Times Book Prize in the mystery/thriller category for 2011) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11/22/63 / Japanese edition: Bungeishunju, September 2013 (paperback October 2016) — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=11/22/63
Revival (first edition 2014, Simon & Schuster) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revival_(novel) / Japanese edition: Bungeishunju, January 2019 (paperback January 2022) — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E5%BF%83%E9%9C%8A%E9%9B%BB%E6%B5%81
Billy Summers (first edition 2021, Scribner) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Summers / Japanese edition: Bungeishunju, April 2024 — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E3%83%93%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA
How the Richard Bachman name was exposed in 1985 (a bookseller, Steve Brown, found King named in the copyright registration records of the Library of Congress, which became an article in The Washington Post of 9 April 1985; the four-novel omnibus The Bachman Books followed in 1985) — Wikipedia, Richard Bachman https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bachman
Principal honours awarded to the writer himself (the National Book Foundation Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters in 2003; the National Medal of Arts for 2014, presented on 10 September 2015; the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement in 2004; and the Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Novel from the Mystery Writers of America for Mr. Mercedes, awarded in 2015) — the author's official site https://stephenking.com/news/stephen-to-receive-national-book-foundation-2003-medal-for-distinguished-contribution-to-american-le-11.html / National Endowment for the Arts https://www.arts.gov/honors/medals/stephen-king / Mystery Writers of America https://mysterywriters.org/2015-edgar-award-winners/ / Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Fantasy_Award_for_Life_Achievement
On 19 June 1999 King was struck by a vehicle while walking on the shoulder of State Route 5 in Lovell, Maine (the accident is not among the axes here; it was consulted as a marker when placing the works in order) — Wikipedia, Stephen King https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_King
The Bram Stoker Award was established in 1987 and first presented in 1988, so the works here published up to 1983 could not have been eligible for it — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bram_Stoker_Award
Grounds for leaving Rage (1977, as Bachman) out of this piece (following school shootings in the 1990s the author himself asked for it to be taken out of print and the publisher agreed; this piece does not go into the incidents, and in addition no Japanese edition could be confirmed in National Diet Library Search) — Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rage_(King_novel) / National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?title=%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B8&creator=%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0
Grounds for the Japanese form of the author's name used in the Japanese edition of this piece (the bibliographic records of Shinchosha, Bungeishunju and Shueisha were checked one at a time in National Diet Library Search; earlier editions such as the Pacifica volume of 1978 use a different transcription) — National Diet Library Search https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/api/opensearch?creator=%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0